Latest preprints

Pakistan is rich in medicinal plants used for medicine for over a thousand years. Garlic is an essential vegetable, most consumed as spice and flavor during cooking food, which makes the food more digestible all over the world. Garlic has a tremendous pharmacological and therapeutic effect due to its biologically active compounds. The chemical composition of the plant are allicin, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl disulphide and S-allylcysteine contribute an important role in its nutraceutical/therapeutic applications. Garlic is a good source of several vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that are useful for human health. It possesses high macro and micro nutritive molecules such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium, sulfur potassium, iodine, phosphorous, fiber and silicon in addition to vitamins. Furthermore, garlic has pharmacological effects and is used to cure enormous conditions including, Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, anthelmintic antiatherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antidiabetic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, digestive effect and toxicological effects were observed invivo and invitro.

This study was aimed at determining the therapeutic value of fresh Musa paradisiaca L. (MP) stem juice as a potential treatment for epileptic convulsions using a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in rats. Six groups of albino rats (n = 4) were involved in the study. Group I was treated with normal saline (p.o), while group II was untreated and group III received diazepam (4 mg/kg, p.o). Group IV, V, and VI received 50, 75, and 100% v/v oral doses of MP stem juice, respectively). The treatment lasted for 10 days, followed by PTZ (85 mg/kg b.w, i.p) administration 60 min later. A lethality test and phytochemical screening were conducted. The rats were closely watched and meticulously monitored for seizure manifestations/episodes with the aid of a stopwatch. From the results, the MP stem juice up to 100% (v/v) was safe in mice and numerous bioactive compounds were found with phenols being the most abundant (9.46 ± 0.03 mg/g), followed by alkaloids (5.54 ± 0.98 mg/g) and flavonoids (4.27 ± 1.23 mg/g). For the seizure manifestation, three intermittent seizures (episodes 1, 2, and 3) were observed and the stem juice (75 and 100% v/v) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the latency periods of episode 1 tonic and clonic seizures. The stem juice at 50% (v/v) delayed the onset of episode 2 seizures for over 10 minutes more than the untreated group. The groups that received 75 and 100% (v/v) of the stem juice did not experience seizures during episode 2 as seen in episode 1. The standard and the test groups did not experience seizures during episode 3.The findings of this study have demonstrated that fresh MP stem juice could prevent convulsions by increasing the latencies and decreasing the duration of seizures in PTZ-challenged rats. This study, however, provides the pharmacological evidence for the folk claim behind the use of Musa paradisiaca stem juice to manage epileptic convulsions or seizure disorders.

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb is a traditional medicinal plant commonly acknowledged as “Vengai” and has a long history of usage in tropical and subtropical regions for a variety of purposes in treating several human diseases. Over the years, a lot of commercial and medicinal researchers have focused on resources from various herbs. Extraction and fractionation of this plant have highlighted the presence of alkaloids, proteins, carbohydrates, coumarins, gums, mucilage, fixed oils, anthraquinone glycosides, saponin glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Several investigational studies have demonstrated that this plant has various pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, memory-enhancing activity, antioxidant, and anti-hyperlipidaemic. It is used alone or with other medicinal plants to provide enhanced therapeutic efficacy for treating various ailments. Our present review is an attempt to unite its phytoconstituents and its pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, memory-enhancing activity, hepatoprotective, and antihyperlipidaemic activity. In the near future, further investigational studies are needed to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds present as lead molecules in drug discovery research.